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                  <text>Representations of Disabled Doctors in Television</text>
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                  <text>Television, being present in almost every home across the globe has immense potential to impact the way ideas are shared in the public imagination and how due to positive or negative representations, it can shape how the layman thinks about individuals having certain identities and the same goes for disabled doctors. Representations of doctors with disabilities on the small screen have been sparse and unidimensional and even though progress has been made, there is still a long way to do.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>The first Disabled doctor on TV? Dr. Kerry Weaver on &lt;em&gt;ER&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>ER</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Debuting on the medical drama “ER” in its second season in 1995, Dr Kerry Weaver was one of the first representations of disabled doctors on primetime television. Having a limp in her gait and using a forearm crutch, the character was played by a non disabled actor. Infact, an actress who does have a disability, Christopher Templeton, was denied an audition for the part. (Parsi, 2001) According to archives, the actor Laura Innes was involved in the decision to use a crutch as a prop for the role.&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Chet Cooper: When you read for the role of Dr. Kerry Weaver on ER, did you know going in that you would play a person with a disability?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Innes: Yes, when I read for the part, the character was described as having a limp and using a cane. She was written with that intention. I never asked John Wells—the show’s executive producer—but I heard it through the grapevine that when he was observing hospitals, he saw a doctor who had a cane and he thought, “Oh, that’s kind of interesting.”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Johnson: You knew Weaver had a limp, but did they tell you the back story?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Innes: No. When I asked, “Well, what’s her malady or injury?” they said, “We haven’t decided yet.” They wanted to keep it open, and not have it be something that was an issue. We discussed what kind of crutch or cane I should use, and I actually suggested the cuff crutch, because I thought with all the moving around and concerns with cleanliness, that a doctor wouldn’t always want to be grabbing onto a cane or setting it down. With a cuff crutch, it could always be on my arm, and if I was at a trauma table I could have it for support and still use my hands. So that’s how that choice was made. When I got the part and the character was described as having a limp, I didn’t really think about it in terms of the impact as a disability.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;(Innes, 2008)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Eventually, in Season 11, we learned that Weaver's limp was caused by congenital hip dysplasia, and in the following season, she had corrective surgery that allowed her to walk without use of the crutch. Ironically, the surgery was, at least in part, driven by Innes' real life health issues caused by using a cane for so many years on the series. As a result we see that disability was both used and eliminated casually.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Innes, L. (2008). Laura Innes - From Acting to Calling Action! (P. Johnson, &amp;amp; C. Cooper, Interviewers) Parsi, K. (2001, December ).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Doctors in Balck and White on the Big and Small Screens . From AMA Journal of Ethics : https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/doctors-black-and-white-big-and-small-screens/2001-12</text>
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                  <text>Television, being present in almost every home across the globe has immense potential to impact the way ideas are shared in the public imagination and how due to positive or negative representations, it can shape how the layman thinks about individuals having certain identities and the same goes for disabled doctors. Representations of doctors with disabilities on the small screen have been sparse and unidimensional and even though progress has been made, there is still a long way to do.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Another Doctor with a Cane: Dr. &lt;em&gt;Gregory House&lt;/em&gt; on House M.D.</text>
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                <text>In 2004, a new medical drama aired on Fox called House M.D. in which the titular character Dr. Gregory&amp;nbsp; House, a disabled doctor, walking with the help of a cane and addicted to painkillers was an unconventional, &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misanthropy"&gt;misanthropic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; medical genius who led a team of &lt;span&gt;&lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis"&gt;diagnosticians&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and diagnosed and managed mysterious ailments in his patients. As a result of these various personality traits coming together to form a complicated character, it was seen that when House was just seen as someone who hates people, this trait of his became a thin veil which rendered his disability invisible and subsequently marginalized and erased it.&#13;
&lt;p&gt;This can clearly be seen in the following artifact:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;At the October 2010 meeting of the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities (ASBH), an affinity group presentation on doctors in film and television evolved into a heated debate over House M.D. The group, comprised of PhDs in the humanities along with medical doctors and attorneys, focused solely on Dr. House's treatment of patients while overlooking his disability. The point is that even an audience relatively attuned to cultural constructions of disability could not see House's disability beyond his bad behavior. The conversation raises questions like "How is disability rendered invisible in popular media?" "How does House M.D. both perform and erase disability?" &lt;/strong&gt;(Altavilla, 2013)&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;As a result, we see that even though disabled doctors did make an appearance on the small screen and there was certain representation in the media, it didn’t always translate into improved societal understanding and acceptance of them in reality.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Altavilla, G. (2013). Queer narrative prosthesis: disability and sexuality in Richard III and House MD.</text>
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                <text>House M.D.</text>
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                  <text>Television, being present in almost every home across the globe has immense potential to impact the way ideas are shared in the public imagination and how due to positive or negative representations, it can shape how the layman thinks about individuals having certain identities and the same goes for disabled doctors. Representations of doctors with disabilities on the small screen have been sparse and unidimensional and even though progress has been made, there is still a long way to do.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>The Good and the Bad of &lt;em&gt;The Good Doctor&lt;/em&gt; - Dr. Shaun Murphy on &lt;em&gt;The Good Doctor&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;The Good Doctor, first aired in 2017 and created by David Shore who interestingly also produced House M.D. follows a surgeon Dr Shaun Murphy who has autism and savant syndrome as he juggles his duties as a doctor and his personal life. &lt;br /&gt;Though a great step forward in disability representation in the field of medicine, especially when compared to previous examples, The Good Doctor still has a long way to go. For example, when autistic adults reviewed the show, David Moloney, Autism Ontario Board Member and Mutual Fund Indexer with CIBC said “All in all, I find that it plays the autism card a little too heavily.” He found the show’s lead actor and writers tried to show autism as a “broad concept or a construct.” He thought this was too general an approach and much was lost this way. “It doesn’t really portray the positivity exuded by people on the spectrum.” (Cnudde, 2021) According to some reviewers, the show does a good job of representing all people who are marginalized (Nguyen, 2017) generalizing the context to other “outsiders” based on race, gender or sexuality, others are of the opinion that the show is too sentimental, using the age old trope of inspiration porn and The doctor who's good at medicine but bad with people is a trope making that doctor a person with autism verging on gimmickry. (Lawler, 2017)&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The Good Doctor</text>
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                <text>Cnudde, M. (2021, April 19). Autistic Adults Review The Good Doctor. From Austism Ontario: https://www.autismontario.com/news/autistic-adults-review-good-doctor&lt;br /&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Lawler, K. (2017, September 22). &lt;em&gt;Review: ‘The Good Doctor’ is a too-sentimental portrait of doctor with autism&lt;/em&gt;. From USA Today: https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2017/09/22/review-the-good-doctor-too-sentimental-portrait-doctor-with-autism/688744001/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;Nguyen, H. (2017, October 30). &lt;em&gt;‘The Good Doctor’ Is the Perfect Show for Anyone Who Feels Like an Outsider, Marginalized, or Misunderstood&lt;/em&gt;. From IndieWire: https://www.indiewire.com/2017/10/the-good-doctor-marginalized-outsiders-abc-1201892747/&lt;/p&gt;&#13;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                  <text>Television, being present in almost every home across the globe has immense potential to impact the way ideas are shared in the public imagination and how due to positive or negative representations, it can shape how the layman thinks about individuals having certain identities and the same goes for disabled doctors. Representations of doctors with disabilities on the small screen have been sparse and unidimensional and even though progress has been made, there is still a long way to do.&amp;nbsp;</text>
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                <text>Firstness comes full circle - Dr Laura Riley on Grey’s Anatomy</text>
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                <text>February 2020 saw for the first time the appearance of a deaf doctor on national TV in the form of Dr. Laura Riley on the long-time running drama Grey’s Anatomy. Compared to Dr. Kerry Weaver several years ago, this representation is an authentic take on deaf doctors in the field of medicine as it shows Dr Riley a good diagnostician not despite their deafness but rather because of it. Moreover, the show does not use the character’s deafness as a trope but another layer of their multifaceted personality. Last but not least, the show brings to the fore the variety of communication techniques used by deaf people in professional settings - from signing, lip reading and English to using a sign language interpreter via an iPad, a holistic and nuanced representation of the ways deaf people communicate is shown. Through this, we see more and better representation of doctors with disabilities making their way to the small screen. </text>
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